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Background: Recently there is an explosive growth of internet usage among youth worldwide. Internet addiction is defined as psychological dependence on the Internet leading to inability to control one’s use of the Internet. Objective: To study the prevalence of internet addiction and quality of sleep among medical students of Delhi and to find out the factors associated with internet addiction. Methods: A cross-sectional study, using stratified random sampling method was conducted among un-dergraduate students of VMMC & Safdarjung hospital Delhi. Young’s internet addiction test and Pitts-burgh sleep quality index was administered. Results: Mean age of study participant was 20.3 ± 2.3 SD years. Internet addiction was found in more than half of the study participant. Poor sleep quality was also found in more than half (57.2%) of them. On analysing internet addiction with associated factors, it was observed that gender, monthly data usage, source of internet use, phone use while eating, ever notice by teacher in class while using phone, month-ly expenditure and quality of sleep were statistically significantly (p < .001) associated. Conclusion: This study implies that internet addiction was high among medical student. More than half of the study participants was suffering from poor sleep quality.
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Anaemia is a health problem that caused most disability in India over a decade (2005-2016) according to the Global Burden of Disease study(1). India has the maximum number of anaemic women and children in the world(2). As per the recent National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), about 58% children (6-59 months), 53% women (15-49 y) and 23% men were suffering from various degrees of anaemia(3). Aanaemia affects the general health of the total population taking toll for high mortality as well as morbidity and attenuating the optimal expression of the potentials of both physical and mental capacity of our population. Improving nutritional status of the vulnerable sections of the population and reducing anaemia is of paramount importance for improving health and the human capital development in the country(4).
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Complex vertebral malformation [CVM] has considerable economic impact on dairy cattle breeding due to extensive use of artificial insemination [AI]. Identifying the carrier is an important factor to reduce the incidence of the genetic disorder. The study was conducted to identify the carriers of CVM in Frieswal cattle by polymerase chain reaction-primer-introduced restriction analysis [PCR-PIRA] method, which was further confirmed by sequencing. Carrier prevalence of 1% was observed in the Frieswal cattle. The results of the study clearly demonstrated the existence of carriers of CVM among Frieswal bull calves. Due to the widespread use of AI it is recommended to screen young bulls at early stages for this defective allele in order to avoid its rapid spread within the population
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Targeting protein kinases (PKs) has been a promising strategy in treating cancer, as PKs are key regulators of cell survival and proliferation. Here in this study, we studied the ability of pyrimido[4',5':4,5]thieno(2,3-)quinolines (PTQ) to inhibit different PKs by performing computational docking andscreening. Docking studies revealed that 4-butylaminopyrimido[4',5':4,5]thieno(2,3-)quinoline (BPTQ) has a higher order of interaction with the kinase receptors than other PTQ derivatives.screening confirms that BPTQ inhibits VEGFR1 and CHK2, with the ICvalues of 0.54 and 1.70 µmol/L, respectively. Further, cytotoxicity of BPTQ was measured by trypan blue assay. Treatment with BPTQ decreased the proliferation of HL-60 cells with an ICvalue of 12 µmol/L and induces apoptosis, as explicated by the fall in the mitochondrial membrane potential, annexin V labeling and increased expression of caspase-3. Taken together, these data suggest that BPTQ possess ability to inhibit PKs and to induce cell death in human promyelocytic leukemia cells.
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The present study was undertaken to analyze the expression pattern of estrogen receptor 1 gene [ESR1] in Barbari bucks [fertile and non-fertile] identified on the basis of seminal quality traits and fertility trials. RNA was extracted from the spleen by Trizol method. The expression pattern of ESR1 gene was analyzed using real time polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]. The expression pattern of ESR1 gene was analyzed by RT-PCR [Roche LC-480]. Relative quantification by RT-PCR indicated that the ESR1 gene expression showed more fold in fertile bucks as compared to non-fertile
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Animal species detection is one of the crucial steps for consumer's food analysis. In the present study we developed an in-house built loop-mediated isothermal amplification [LAMP] assay for rapid detection of adulterated cow DNA in goat milk/meat samples. The cow milk/tissue DNA in goat milk/meat samples were identified in the developed LAMP assay by either naked eye visualizing with SYBR Green I dyes or by detecting the typical ladder pattern on gel electrophoresis. This test can detect up to minimum 5% level of cow components admixed in goat milk/meat samples and can be completed within 1 h 40 min starting from DNA extraction from milk/meat samples and can be performed in a water bath. Developed LAMP methodology is simple; rapid and sensitive techniques that can detect adulterant like cow components in goat milk/meat are more accurate than other existing DNA based technologies
ABSTRACT
Descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) is commonly used pedicle for ante- rolateral thigh (ALT) flap. Oblique branch of LCFA is an alternative pedicle that can be used in micro- vascular surgery. According to review of literature and to the best of our knowledge we could not find the use of oblique branch of LCFA as a pedicle of the ALT flap in regional soft tissue reconstruction. Here we presented a case of a 55-year-old man sustaining soft tissue injury and wound over the left trochanteric and gluteal region following a road traffic accident, who was treated by the use of extended ALT pedicle flap with oblique branch of LCFA as the pedicle for reconstruction of soft tissue defect in trochanteric and gluteal regions with successful outcome.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Accidents, Traffic , Buttocks , Femoral Artery , General Surgery , Transplantation , Femur , Graft Survival , Injury Severity Score , Myocutaneous Flap , Transplantation , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Methods , Risk Assessment , Soft Tissue Injuries , Diagnosis , General Surgery , Surgical Flaps , Transplantation , Thigh , General Surgery , Wound Healing , PhysiologyABSTRACT
A sensitive, selective and high-throughput liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantitation of tolvaptan in rabbit plasma. Sample clean-up involved liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and chromatography was performed on Zorbax SB C18 analytical column (50 mm ? 2.1 mm, 3.5 mm) using 0.1%formic acid:methanol (20:80, v/v) as the mobile phase. The parent-product ion transitions for the drug (m/z 449.2-252.1) and IS (m/z 456.2-259.2) were monitored on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, operating in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and positive ion mode. The method was validated over the concentration range of 0.10–1000.00 ng/mL and successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of healthy rabbits.
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Dengue infection can present with varying clinical manifestations, which may not conform to the defi nitions of the World Health Organization [WHO] classifi cation. Flushing, puffi ness and cyanosis are some of the features, which are not included in the WHO criteria. Bleeding and thrombocytopenia are conspicuously absent in some children with "true" dengue hemorrhagic fever. Revised classifi cation based on dengue control study, in comparison with WHO classifi cation is defi nitely exclusive at detecting severe dengue infection. In fact fl ushing, puffi ness and cyanosis are not included in the past or recent WHO classifi cation criteria of dengue fever. It is practically feasible and facilitates realtime case management. All the classifi cations are only the guidelines and a good clinical acumen is an absolute necessity in diagnosing the criticality of the patient and prioritizing them for specifi c treatment
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This study aimed to estimate microsatellite based genetic diversity in two lines [the selected RIRS and control line RIRC] of Rhode Island Red [RIR] chicken. Genomic DNA of 24 randomly selected birds maintained at Central Avian Research Institute [India] and 24 microsatellite markers were used. Microsatellite alleles were determined on 6% urea-PAGE, recorded using GelDoc system and the samples were genotyped. Nei's heterozygosity and Botstein's polymorphic information content [PIC] at each microsatellite locus were estimated. Wright's fixation indices and gene flow were estimated using POPGENE software. All the microsatellite loci were polymorphic and the estimated PIC ranged from 0.3648 [MCW0059] to 0.7819 [ADL0267] in RIRS and from 0.2392 [MCW0059] to 0.8620 [ADL0136] in RIRC. Most of the loci were highly informative [PIC>0.50] in the both lines, except for five loci in RIRS and six loci in RIRC line. Nei's heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.4800 [MCW0059] to 0.8056 [ADL0267] in RIRS and from 0.2778 [MCW0059] to 0.875 [ADL0136] in RIRC. Out of 24 loci, 15 [62.5%] in RIRS and 14 loci [58.33%] in RIRC revealed moderate to high negative FIS index indicating heterozygote excess for these loci in corresponding lines, but the rest revealed positive FIS indicating heterozygosity deficiency. A mean FIS across the both lines indicated overall 10.77% heterozygosity deficit and a mean FIT indicated 17.19% inbreeding co-efficient favoring homozygosity over the two lines. The mean FST indicated that 10.18% of the microsatellite variation between the two lines was due to their genetic difference.
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The present work aimed at studying growth pattern and carcass traits in pearl grey guinea fowl fed on dietary Neem [Azadirachta indica] leaf powder [NLP] over a period of 12 weeks. Day old guinea fowl keets [n=120] were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, each with 3 replicates. The first treatment was designated as control [T[0]] in which no supplement was added to the feed, while in treatments T[1], T[2] and T[3], NLP was provided as 1, 2 and 3 g per kg of feed, respectively. The results revealed a significant increase in body weight at 12 weeks; 1229.7 for T[1], 1249.8 for T[2], and 1266.2 g T[3] compared to 1220.0 g for the control group [P<0.05]. The results also showed that the supplementation of NLP significantly increased feed intake [P
Subject(s)
Animals , Azadirachta , Plant Leaves , Growth Substances , PowdersABSTRACT
Procedures involving complex surgical techniques in rats, such as placement of abdominal aortic graft require extended duration of surgical anesthesia, which often can be achieved by repeated administrations of xylazine-ketamine combination. However such repeated anesthetic administration, in addition to being technically challenging, may be associated with potential adverse events due to cumulative effects of anesthesia. We report here the feasibility of using urethane at low dose (~1/10 the recommended anesthetic dose) in combination with a xylazine-ketamine mix to achieve an extended duration of surgical anesthesia in rats. The anesthesia induction phase was quick and smooth with an optimal phase of surgical anesthesia achieved for up to 90 minutes, which was significantly higher compared to that achieved with use of only xylazine-ketamine combination. The rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were within the physiological range with an uneventful recovery phase. Post surgery the rats were followed up to 3 months without any evidence of tumor or any other adverse effects related to the use of the urethane anesthetic combination. We conclude that low dose urethane can be effectively used in combination with xylazine and ketamine to achieve extended duration of surgical anesthesia up to 90 minutes in rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Anesthesia , Heart Rate , Ketamine , Respiratory Rate , Transplants , Urethane , XylazineABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of ante‑mortem tracheal aspirates for diagnosis of ventilator‑associated pneumonia (VAP). Trauma victims represent an otherwise healthy population, who are on multiple invasive life‑support devices, which predispose them to severe infections like VAP. The diagnosis of VAP is challenging, due to the difficulty in obtaining a representative sample from lungs. We studied the diagnostic utility of tracheal aspirates by comparing its results with the post‑mortem lung cultures. Materials and Methods: A total of 106 fatal trauma patients were included in the study. Lung samples and cardiac blood were taken for culture at the time of autopsy. The results of ante‑mortem and post‑mortem cultures were compared. Results: Septicemia was the cause of death in 51 (48%) of the fatal cases and VAP was identified in 36 (34%) cases. A total of 96 (90.5%) cases had pathogens isolated from lung samples. In 62 (58%) cases, the same organism was isolated from ante‑mortem and post‑mortem respiratory samples. Conclusions: Culture results of a properly collected tracheal aspirate should be taken into consideration along with Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC’s) diagnostic criteria to maximise the diagnosis of VAP.
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Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor [IMT] is a tumor composed of myofibroblasts and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate that rarely undergoes malignant transformation. The most common sites of involvement include the lung, liver and orbit, but it has been reported to occur in nearly every site of the body, including oral cavity and soft tissue. Although common in other sites, such a tumor in rarer location including inguinal region is likely to be missed/misdiagnosed and hence need to be reported. We present an unusual case of a 50 year old male with bilateral inguinal swelling attended our institute few days back with history of local excision twice, but still showing recurrence. He was treated by wide local excision with bilateral orchiectomy this time. Histopathological report revealed inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with malignant transformation. Adjuvant radiotherapy was also given and patient taken in followup. At one year of serial follow-ups, the patient is disease-free both clinically and on investigations, indicating successful combined surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant IMT. IMT of the inguinal region is very rare. Its clinical presentation may resemble malignant tumor, so IMT should be kept as differential diagnosis. The recommended treatment is complete surgical resection with adjuvant corticosteroid. Adjuvant radiotherapy may be considered depending upon the location of the tumor
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In the present study, the therapeutic potential of bacteriophages virulent to Staphylococcus aureus associated with goat mastitis were isolated, identified and assessed. Staphylococcus aureus [host or indicator bacterium] was isolated from a goat suffering from clinical mastitis. Based on cultural, morphological, biochemical tests and amplification of S. aureus specific thermonuclease gene in PCR, the identity of the organism was confirmed as S. aureus. Bacteriophages were isolated from soil and faecal samples [n=42] collected from different parts of the Mathura district in Uttar Pradesh [India], and their identity was confirmed by amplification of the bacteriophage-specific endolysin gene fragment in PCR. The thermal tolerance study revealed that all phage isolates were stable at 30 and 40°C with 100% lytic efficacy and their activities reduced to 62-80% at 50°C declining sharply at 60°C with less than 5% efficacy. Likewise, at pH = 6.5 and 7.5, the survivability of all isolates was 100% which reduced to 70-79% and 84-91% at pH = 5.5 and 8.5, respectively. All isolates were stable up to 3 months at 37°C, and for 16 months at 4°C but the stability of their respective endolysins only lasted for 12-23 days at 37°C and 6 months at 4°C. Three of the bacteriophage isolates, S. aureus phage/CIRG/1, S. aureus phage/CIRG/4 and S. aureus phage/CIRG/5 exhibited lytic activity against over 80% of the staphylococcal isolates. The results of the present study provide insight for the use of lytic bacteriophages for therapeutic interventions against multi-drug-resistant S. aureus inducing mastitis in goats
Subject(s)
Animals , Staphylococcus aureus , Mastitis , Goats , EndopeptidasesABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to screen the genotype profile of bovine kappa-casein gene among Frieswal [HF x Sahiwal] crossbred cattle developed in India. A total number of two hundred Frieswal cows were evaluated for Hinfl RFLP based genotyping of kappa-casein gene. We observed that only two genotypes [AA and AB] exist among the studied population with the genotype frequency of 0.58 [n=117] and 0.42 [n=83], respectively. The calculated allele frequency for A and B was 0.79 and 0.21, respectively. Association of genotypes with certain milk production traits revealed that AB had significant [P<0.05] effect on total milk yield, peak yield, yield at 300 days and SNF% as compared to AA
Subject(s)
Animals , Polymorphism, Genetic , Milk , Hybridization, Genetic , CattleABSTRACT
The authors wish to report a case of bilateral acute anterior uveitis and optic disc edema following a hemotoxic snake bite, in order to highlight the concomitant occurrence of these conditions and the potential adverse effects of anti-snake venom (ASV). A 35-year-old male was bitten by a viper at seventeen thirty hours, and was started on ASV. Two days following treatment he experienced sudden onset redness and painful diminution of vision in both eyes (OU). On examination, the patient's visual acuity (VA) in OU was 20/200. Examination revealed fresh keratic precipitates, cells, and flare in the anterior chamber (AC), posterior synechiae, sluggish and ill-sustained pupillary reaction, and hyperemic, edematous disc with blurred margins in OU. He was started on topical steroids, cycloplegics and intravenous methylprednisolone. Following treatment, the patient showed improvement and was continued on topical medications and oral prednisolone tapered over 3 weeks, after which VA OU improved, the AC showed no cells and flare and disc edema resolved. Uveitis and optic disc edema in snake bite can either be due to the direct toxic effects of the venom or the effect of ASV. Steroids have a beneficial role in the management of these symptoms.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Acute Disease , Antivenins/adverse effects , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Hyperemia/drug therapy , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Papilledema/drug therapy , Snake Bites/complications , Uveitis, Anterior/drug therapyABSTRACT
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Symptoms of cancer depend on the type and location of the cancer. Paclitaxel obtained from Taxus brevifolia is an effective natural drug used in cancer treatment, so there arises a need of its estimation in biological fluids for the pharmacokinetic studies in clinical trials and in various pharmaceutical dosage forms including nanoparticles, cremophore based formulations and paclitaxel releasing stents. Literature survey reveals many chromatographic methods for estimation of paclitaxel by HPLC, LC-MS-MS and UPLC to get very accurate, precise and robust method with lower run time and higher recovery. An important step in the development of liposome-based formulations is estimation of the free drug concentration in the aqueous solution surrounding liposomes
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Chromatography, High Pressure LiquidABSTRACT
Lovastatin is an antihyperlipidemic agent which has low bioavailability due to the extensive first pass metabolism. It was sought to increase gastric retention of lovastatin by development of a sustained release gastroretentive drug delivery system leading to reduced fluctuation in the plasma concentration and improved bioavailability. Floating microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion technique, using various polymers and their blends. The in vitro performance was evaluated for drug-polymer compatibility, percent yield, particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro onset and duration of floatation, in vitro drug release as well as in vivo determination of serum cholesterol level. The mean particle size of microspheres was observed to be between 6.9 to 9.5 micro m and the maximum particle size was around 50 micro m. In vivo studies of the selected batches indicated lower level of serum cholesterol compared to the marketed tablet at the same dose but was not significant. The data obtained in this study suggested that a microparticulate floating dosage form of lovastatin can be successfully designed to yield controlled delivery with improved therapeutic efficacy